The Structure of the Lexical Meaning

Extension: a number of denotater to which its name refers: godfather, biological father, father-in-law.
Both components are variable. Some names of properties (признаковые слова) (verbs, adjectives, adverbs) – don’t have the extensional meaning, because they are non-referential (Никитин, 2007, с. 30).
Contention has denotative and significative components.
If a name represents a representative of a class so it has a denotative meaning.
If it represents the class in general it has significative meaning.
Proper names can represent only a representative of a class. They can’t represent a the class in general. They have no intentional. They have only denotative meaning.
This structure of the lexical meaning may be presented as a following scheme (look Pic.1)


Pic.1. The structure of the lexical meaning

This typology is structurally and logically consistent. It resolves the problem of distinguishing denotative and significative meanings, their relationship within the meaning of the word, and creates a strong foundation for the distinction of object vocabulary, that can be employed a denotative and a significative meaning, and indicative vocabulary or signifying having only significative meaning (verbs, adjectives , etc.).
According to Academician V.V. Vinogradov lexical meaning comprises the following types of meanings:
nominative which refers to objects of extralinguistic reality in a direst way. E.g. “a head”
nominative-derivative when the word is stretched out semantically to cover new facts and phenomena of extralinguistic reality. E.g.: Anna is the head of our meeting.
collegationally conditioned (морфо-синтаксически обусловленное). Its pattern is Verb + Object + Infinitive. E.g.: “to make” – “to make smb to do smth”: “to carry” – “the bill was carried by the Parliament”.
collocationally conditioned which is determined by the combine ability of words. E.g.: “walk”. In combination with adjectives this word describes some territory – “route, path”. If this word is used in combination with such adjectives as “lazy”, “quick”, “morning” it means “a journey on foot”.
phraseologically bound which appears in the idioms and phraseologically units. E.g.: “blank”. Blank wall” – a wall without a window; “Blank despair” – the highest degree of despair; “Blank verse” – белый стих. “To kick the bucket” – умереть (Беляева, эл.).
Thus there is no one point of view on the structure of the lexical meaning in modern lexicology.

CONCLUSIONs
There are a lot of definitions of the lexical meaning. In our country the definition given by V.V. Vinogradov is commonly used: it is his subject – real content, decorated according to the laws of grammar of the language, and being part of the common vocabulary of the semantic system of the language.
As for the structure of the lexical meaning, most of the scholars differentiate denotational and connotational (pragmatic) components. But some scholars distinguish connotative and pragmatic meanings.
Different scholars distinguish different components of this structure. Almost all of them use significative and denotative components. Arnold distinguishes also connotational meaning. According to Nikitin it should be distinguished implicational and semiotic meanings. The last includes pragmatic and cognitive meanings.
According to Professor V.V. Vinogradov lexical meaning comprises nominative, nominative-derivative, collegationally conditioned, collocationally conditioned, phraseologically bound meanings.
Therefore the question of the meaning of a word is quite disputable in modern linguistics.

References
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