The Idea of Russian leisure time
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The children enjoy skating in the park to the melody of sweet music.Moreover, winter is the time for quiet hobbies, such as collecting things, chess-playing. Some people say that they are devoting most part of their leisure time to reading the masterpieces of the Russian classics. Nowadays children and teenagers get crazy about computer games. Sport can be also a good way to spend the leisure time in a pleasant and healthy way, even if you are not much of a sportsman. Besides, you can become a fan of some Russian football, hockey, or volleyball team and spend time with your like-minded fellows in the sport-bars watching the game and boozing.Still, to my mind, most of the Russian people prefer to spend their leisure time of any kind together with their family.
Введение
"The limits of my language
mean the limits of my world".
Людвиг Витгенштейн (1889-1951),
Австралийский philosopher.
The theme of this course paper presents the problem of объединения between Russian and English languages. It is obvious that the объединения of languages can be made within different languages and different time periods. The most важно elements in the process of анализе the reasons of such phenomenon are to find out the spheres of usage of these words and to discover the scientific approaches to the problem of loan-words usage expediency.
If we take such languages, that had never mixed or had never been taken into the contact, it would all the same turn out, that they had an influence in the past and they are making an influence now on each other. This influence can be observed here as the process of language contact.
Borrowings - имеет words and word combinations, adopted from one language to another according to its phonetic and grammatical rules. The number of borrowings is different каждый язык. There are languages full of loan-words, such as Korean: it includes about 2/3 of Chinese лексический единиц. Others have a little number of loan-words: such as Russian, French and German. Тем не менее, there are languages - Czech, Chinese and Hungarian - which make an effort in order to avoid the input of foreign words and try to make up new words and expressions for a new concept by their own лексический единиц. But there is no language without any borrowings because nations can 't be separated from each other and communication - cultural, scientific and trade - can' t be synthetically stopped.
There are different types of borrowings. In the most cases the необходимость of adopting some word appears with the penetration of соответствующее item or acquiring new notion. In this way the word "спутник" - "spoutnik"See "Application № 4, articles" in French and "спутник" in English was borrowed by many languages from Russian after the launch of the first Soviet искусственный спутник of the Earth.
В XIX century many loan-words, connected with philosophy and politics, появился in Russian language. By that time, some of them acquired the status of international, for example: прогресс, солидарности, пролетариат и буржуа, социализм and communism. Russian revolutioner M. B. Butashevich-Petrashevskiy used the process of the international words for the assimilation пропаганда of the социализм. В 1845 he published the dictionary of foreign words that had got on into Russian language. The dictionary was immediately confiscated by the censorship, and Petrashevskiy was arrested. And it was expectable, because there were the detailed explanation of such words as "демократия", "конституция" и др in the dictionary. The flow of borrowing foreign words into Russian language had особенно увеличился в 90-е годы. It is connected with the inflexions в таких spheres as politics, economy, culture and new concepts of morality. The extraordinary expansion of foreign lexica had been observed in this period.