Uncountable nouns: singularia and pluralia tantum

Forexample:This question is simple. — Этотвопроспростой. Those books cost a lot. — Текнигидорогостоят.However, there are special, collective nouns that may behave differently than theruleabovestates.Theyarethenamesofgroupsofindividualsoranimalsthatwe considerasawhole(audience,committee,crew,crowd,family,government,group, majority, minority, staff, team,etc.).These nouns can be used in two ways (depending on what the noun means):the noun denotes a group as an indivisiblewhole.In this case, there is no contradiction between the form of the word and its meaning. The noun agrees with the verb in the singular. For example:Theschoolvolleyballteamhasdonewellthismonth.(team=teamasawhole) The family lives in that house. (family = family as awhole)the noun denotes a group as a collection ofelements.In this case, the noun retains the singular form grammatically, but in meaning it becomes plural and agrees with the plural verb. For example:The team are having a rest now. (team = team members) The family help me a lot. (family = family members)Some collective nouns, however, agree with the verb only in the plural. This includes the words people, police, and cattle.Features of using the article with uncountable nounsUncountablenounscannotbecounted.Theyarenotusedintheplural,donot accepttheendingsoftheplurals/es,arenotusedwiththeindefinitearticlea/an,and agree with the verb in thesingular.Several terms are used in relation to these nouns in English: uncountable nouns and non-countable nouns. Some linguistic sources use the term mass nouns for all types of uncountablenouns.If we need to select an uncountable noun, we use the definite article the. You usually need additional information in a sentence to use the article the, such as the phrase of-phrase or a subordinate clause. The definite article in such cases is close in value to this, that. Forexample:The milk in this glass is sour.The tea that she served smelled of mint. Take out the garbage, please.How accurate is the information that you have given in this report?Certain quantity expressions are used with uncountable nouns to indicate a certain quantity or portion of something. For example: a cup of coffee, a pound of butter,aloafofbread,apieceofcake,apieceoffurniture,apieceofnews,agrain of rice, a grain of truth, a game of chess, a little help, a lot ofwork.Uncountable nouns of the mass can be used in mn. h. with the ending s/es to showdifferenttypesandvarieties.Forexample:theteasofIndia,blendedteas,soft cheeses,low-fatcheeses,Frenchwines,whole-wheatbreads,hardwheats,stainless steels,ironores,Chinesesilks,variouswools.Thisusageisoftenfoundinscientific and specialliterature.In ordinary oral and written speech, the unit number form is mainly used in such cases. For example: different kinds of soft cheese, varieties of black tea, types of stainless steel, varieties of wool.Some mass nouns are often used in the plural to show different types in ordinary spoken and written speech, such as fruits, fruit juices, wines.Many uncountable nouns have meanings in which they act as calculable nouns, and in such cases, they may take the indefinite article a/an or the ending of the plural. numbers/es. Because there are no articles in Russian, the difference between an uncountable noun and the same noun as a calculable (with a different meaning) often escapes. The difference between them in English is very large:their meanings are different; you can or can not use the article a/an or the ending s / es; the verb is in the mn. number or in the unit number. Here are some examples of uncountablenounsthatcanalsoactascalculablenouns[Theoreticalgrammarofthe English language:1983.]:beauty; a beauty = красота; красавица glass; a glass = стекло; стаканConclusionThecategoryofnumbersinEnglishexpressesquantitativerelationsthatexist in reality, reflected in the minds of native speakers of a given language and have morphological expression in the corresponding forms of thelanguage.The category of a number in modern English is expressed as singular and plural.Thesingularformisusedtodenoteoneitem,thepluralformisusedtodenote two or more items.Singulariatantum:This includes the names of materials and various substances as well as many nouns that denote abstractconcepts.Some nouns that end in -s are also used only in thesingular.This also includes nouns that end in –ics. Pluraliatantum:Names of some clothing items that consist of twoparts.Names of tools and some other items that consist of twoparts.Some otherproperties.List of referencesAkulenko V. V. 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