Nussbaum on emotions

In this context, it should be noted that the sphere of politics becomes symbolic, that is, each political action has a semantic load and a corresponding interpretation, which will be associated with the previous emotional experience of a person. In this case, the perception of politics is based on stereotypes and the emotional responses associated with them.Most researchers in the field of psychology and political psychology agree that emotions consist of an assessment of internal or external stimuli; physiological changes leading to readiness for action; facial, vocal and linguistic expressions; conscious subjective feelings; as well as adaptive function to the environment.Sociologists, who study the topic of emotions in social relations, identify socio-cultural conditions that lead to the emergence of different emotions,and seek to justify their manifestations. Obviously, each of these components includes a huge variety of dimensions and elements, such as the nature of the assessment, the relationship between emotions and motivation, motivation and action, the direct and indirect impact of emotions on political judgments, etc. In addition, sociologists and political scientists often consider "emotions"," sensations"," feelings " as interchangeable definitions.In modern literature, two main features of political emotions are usually distinguished: first, it is believed that some political emotions should not necessarily be consciously felt. As shown by T. Scheff, conscious anger against a political opponent can be a symptom of suppressed shame, and a sense of responsibility can be a suppressed sense of guilt; secondly, it is traditionally noted that political emotions are both situational and long-term, accompanying political institutions and practices, forming a public culture. As long-term emotional states, de Rivera calls political emotions an "emotional climate". This term refers to a long and stable experience that does not have a specific background; these are forms of attraction and repulsion that promote collective solidarity and / or hostility.In political science at the present stage, fear and hope, shame and guilt, resentment and cynicism are usually distinguished as not fully realized political emotions.A sociological study has proved that emotions play an important role in explaining the relationship between ideology and decision-making in the light of political events. In this study, the authors proposed a hypothesis according to which,"in the context of unsolvable conflicts, discrete emotional processes (and not just positive-negative consequences) play an important role in how people process new information about the possibilities of the world.Thus, emotions of hope push an individual to accept information about the high probability of concluding a peace treaty, while emotions of fear stimulate the perception of information about the impossibility of ending the conflict, strengthen intra-group relations, a tendency to risk political tendencies, suppression of creative ideas and objection to inter-group negotiations.References:Jervis R. How Statesmen Think. The Psychology of International Politics. Princeton University Press. 2017.p.16.Nussbaum, Martha C. Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. Pp. 457.Scherer K.R. Emotion theories and concepts (psy-chological perspectives). In Oxford companion to emotion and the affective sciences (eds D. Sander & K. R. Scherer). Oxford University Press. 2009. P. 145-149.Seras D.O. The Role of Affect in symbolic poli-tics // Citizens and Politics: Perspectives from Political Psychology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 2008. P. 14-40.Turner J., Stets J. The Sociology of Emotions. New York, Cambridge University Press. 2005. 368 p