sources and criteria of synonymity

Expressing a negative attitude towards understanding synonymy as a generality of the concept being expressed. As an example of combining words that have no semantic commonality, the researcher cites the adjectives big, fat.Also, this criterion is rejected by S.G. Berezhan, since, in his opinion, there is no "material linguistic feature" in its basis, which would make it possible to clearly establish the fact of synonymy of words. In addition, the researcher believes that in practice it is often "not easy to establish which concept is expressed by this or that word." The researcher believes that since the criterion of generality of the expressed concept is logical, not linguistic, this makes it unacceptable in defining synonymy as a linguistic phenomenon [5].Another question that inevitably arises when the criterion of conceptual generality is introduced, is related to the definition of the concept itself. In a narrow sense, a concept is interpreted as a thought about an object, including its most essential features. In the ordinary sense, the word expresses a concept that is a minimal set of the most abstract and, at the same time, the most characteristic features necessary to define an object. B.A. Serebrennikov proposes to call the concept the minimum of distinctive features, and to combine everything above this minimum into the sum of knowledge about the subject [10].There is a discussion about the nature of the information recorded in the concept. So, Yu.S. Stepanov is of the opinion that concepts are the result of scientific knowledge. On the other hand, Yu.D. Apresyan believes that a naive concept is fixed in a linguistic unit, which, in contrast to a scientific concept, depicts an extra-linguistic situation in a different way. A naive concept is the result of everyday knowledge. It records information about the position of the observer relative to the objects of the described situation, and indicates how the speaker evaluates the described situation and what kind of assessment of this situation he assumes from the listener.Thus, traditionally, contradictions in the definition of a concept arise from the fact that researchers mean by this term a different amount of information about the subject - from a minimum of distinctive features to the amount of knowledge. At the same time, taking into account the limited amount of memory and the factor of communicative time trouble, it should be assumed that in the language system the meaning of a verbal unit expresses a naive concept that includes only a minimum set of integral and differential features necessary for recognizing an object.It should be clarified that synonymous lexemes, most likely, do not express the same thing, but different concepts that have at least one common feature in their composition. Otherwise, the existence of two or more words expressing the same concept would be inexplicable. Thus, the traditional criterion of the generality of the expressed concept can be clarified and formulated as a criterion for the partial generality of the expressed concepts.SUMMARYEnglish synonymy is a fairly well-researched topic by linguists. This phenomenon is based on the ability of the language system to have multiple variants in order to express the same meaning. Allocate lexical synonymy, which is understood as a complete or partial coincidence of the meanings of linguistic units.A component of synonymy is a synonym - words of one part of speech that have a common meaning and the possibility of interchangeability. Synonyms can be combined in a language into a specific group, otherwise called a synonymous series. In such groups, one word stands out - dominant - which carries a general meaning, semantically as capacious as possible and stylistically neutral.The English language is rich in synonyms, which is explained by the presence of the following sources of synonymy: borrowings from other languages, variants and dialects of the English language, word formation and euphemisms. About 70% of the vocabulary of the English language is borrowed from other languages, such as: Latin, Greek, French, Danish, etc. There is also a strong interconnection between the variants of the English language. Most synonyms for British English are American English.As for the classification of English synonyms. Allocate full and partial synonyms, comparing them according to the degree of synonymy. Ideographic, stylistic, contextual and absolute synonyms have differences in meaning, and comparison by structural components allows us to speak of single-root and multi-root synonyms.Thus, synonymy is one of the sources of language enrichment with expressive means. Knowledge of synonymy makes it possible to explain the direction of development of the language, ways and means of changing its various aspects, and also facilitates access to its wealth. REFERENCESAleksandrov P.S. O ponyatiisinonima // Leksicheskayasinonimiya. Sb. st. - M.: Nauka, 1967. –p. 38-42.Anglo-russkij i russko-anglijskijsinonimicheskijslovar' stematicheskojklassifikaciej / P.P. Litvinov. - M.: YAhont-A, 2002. - 384 p.Arnol'd I.V. Leksikologiyasovremennogoanglijskogoyazyka: ucheb. posobie. - 2-e izd.,pererab. - M.: FLINTA :Nauka, 2012. - 376 p.Arnol'd I.V. Semantika. Stilistika. Intertekstual'nost': Sbornikstatej / Nauch. red. P.E. Buharkin. - SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta, 1999. – 444 p.Berezhan S.G. 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