Stylistic Functions of Phraseological Units and Features of Their Translation into Russian ( Based on Fairy Tales of O.Wilde)

This fact can also be considered the reason for the absence of a large number of metaphors and epithets in fairy tales.Thus, we can conclude that stylistic devices in fairy tales are in a moderate amount, exactly the amount that is necessary to create imagery and descriptive, which will not prevent the child from creating his own story in his imagination.Various stylistic devices are used in all texts, however, after analyzing the cases of their use, we can note that the author has some favorite techniques. We can link this fact both with the peculiarities of the author's style and with the peculiarities of the genre itself.Also, based on the theoretical part of the study, a practical analysis of the phraseological units used in fairy tales was carried out. In the theoretical part of the study, it was considered that phraseological units and fairy tales have similar features: they are figurative, have a well-established historical and cultural significance. Therefore, before starting the practical analysis, we found that it is likely that phraseological units may occur in small numbers in the works selected for analysis.As it turned out, in practical analysis, phraseological units were encountered in small numbers. However, the study of the peculiarities of their translation became much more interesting, since due to their small number they still turned out to be quite diverse.For a small number of phraseological units, a completely equivalent translation was chosen. This was due to the fact that both in the translation language and in the original language, phraseological units coincided in their stylistic, lexical and grammatical composition.Also, some phraseological units have been translated using a partial equivalent translation. This happened in cases where semantic or lexical or grammatical structures did not coincide in both languages. At the same time, the lexical meaning remained unchanged in the target language.It was also noted that when using phraseological units by the author himself, either his contamination or ellipsis happens. However, it is worth noting that when translating, the phraseological unit was preserved in full. It is possible that this fact can be associated with the tradition of the Russian language not to use phraseological units in an abbreviated format due to their stability and inseparability.Thus, it can be concluded that Oscar Wilde's fairy tales as an example of the use and translation of phraseological units are a valuable linguistic resource. A small number of phraseological units is compensated by their peculiarities both in the original language and in the translation language. Translation transformations in this case are especially important for analysis due to the peculiarities of the individual style of the writer himself.Also, during the analysis, it was found that the features of the genre itself also play an important role in terms of the use of stylistic devices, as well as the translation of phraseological units. The Russian translation can be considered more metaphorical and pictorial, while the text in the original language differs in its simplicity. A small number of phraseological units for all the works of the writer are confirmation of this hypothesis.CHАРTЕR 3. THЕ РRАCTICАL RЕLЕVАNCЕ ОF THЕ RЕSЕАRCH IN LINGUISTICS3.1 Рrаcticаl Rеlеvаncе оf thе Rеsеаrch Rеsults in Trаnslаtiоn StudiеsThis research can be used in seminars and lectures on translation studies, especially in the field of English to Russian. The theoretical part of the work contains information on the peculiarities of translating phraseological units from English into Russian. This information may be useful, since the work of the translator assumes accuracy. The lexical meaning of the language unit in the original language must be identical with the meaning in the target language. To do this, the translator can use translation transformations or lexical translation methods. Within the framework of translating a phraseological unit, the translator's work becomes more complicated. Phraseology carries the cultural and historical heritage of an entire nation. In order to transfer its meaning to another language, the translator needs to be inside the context of this phraseology and choose the optimal way of translation.The practical relevance of research results in translation studies lies in their contribution to the improvement of the translation process. These results can provide insights into various aspects of translation, such as the use of technologies, the effectiveness of certain strategies, and the impact of cultural and linguistic factors on the translation quality. By applying the findings of research studies, translators can enhance their skills, make more informed decisions, and produce better translations that meet the needs of their clients and target audiences. Moreover, these results can also inform the development of translation tools and resources, such as machine translation systems, terminology databases, and style guides, which can facilitate the work of translators and improve the quality of their outputs.In addition to their practical implications for the translation profession, research results in translation studies can also have broader societal significance. As translation is essential for cross-cultural communication and understanding, research studies that explore the challenges and opportunities of translation can contribute to the promotion of linguistic diversity, the preservation of cultural heritage, and the facilitation of global collaboration and development. By shedding light on the complexity and richness of translation, research studies can raise public awareness of the importance of translation and foster a greater appreciation for the role of translators as cultural mediators and agents of communication.From a practical point of view, this study can be useful in the framework of translation studies based on practical material, namely Oscar Wilde's fairy tales. Fairy tales, as well as phraseological units, are carriers of the cultural and historical component of the nationality. fairy tales have imagery, and therefore the presence of phraseological units in them, and even more so their translation, can become a problem for the translator. In this paper, some cases of using phraseological units in the original language were considered, as well as ways of translating them were determined and detailed explanations were provided. On the practical material, students will be able to understand in more detail the essence of the methods that were chosen, as well as determine their functionality.Based on the studied material, students will be able to determine the functionality of translating phraseological units both in theoretical general terms and in practical terms using the example of real works of art. Students will also be able to identify the signs that a good translator should have when translating phraseological units:knowledge of historical and cultural background of the language;understanding the meaning of a phraseological unit in the original language;knowledge of ways to translate phraseological units;ability to use the correct translation method;accuracy;literacy;taking into account the literary orientation of this genre, in which the analysis of phraseological units is carried out3.2 Рrаcticаl Rеlеvаncе оf thе Rеsеаrch Rеsults in Lехicоlоgу аnd StуlisticsThe practical relevance of research results in lexicology and stylistics lies in their application in language learning, writing, and editing. Lexicology research results provide valuable insights into the structure and use of words and phrases, which can inform language teaching and learning. For instance, the study of word meaning and usage can help learners acquire a more nuanced understanding of vocabulary and use it more effectively in communication. Similarly, stylistic research results can inform writing and editing practices by providing guidance on how to achieve coherence, cohesion, and rhetorical effectiveness. By applying the findings of research studies, language learners, writers, and editors can improve their language skills and produce more effective and engaging texts.Moreover, the practical relevance of research results in lexicology and stylistics extends to various domains where language use is of critical importance, such as law, business, and journalism. In these domains, accurate and effective communication can have significant consequences for the success of transactions, negotiations, and decision-making processes. Research studies that explore the impact of linguistic choices and strategies in these contexts can inform the development of guidelines and standards for professional communication, such as style manuals and terminology databases. By promoting clarity, accuracy, and conciseness in language use, research results in lexicology and stylistics can contribute to the achievement of more effective and responsible communication practices in these domains. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics (the section of linguistics) that studies the vocabulary of a particular language, that is, its vocabulary and is usually divided into general and private lexicology. Lexicology considers such aspects as: word and its meaning; interdependence between words; structure of the composition of the word and ways of replenishing and developing the vocabulary, etc.; stylistic and functional difference of words in different areas of speech.Lexical features of phraseological units can be studied from the point of view of their functionality both in the original language and in the translation language. Phraseological units are studied from the point of view of their communicative and nominative functions, since the lexical meaning that defines the phraseological unit can be replaced by a simple name that is used in everyday speech. Lexicology from this point of view, to study the historical context of the emergence of phraseology, to consider the stages of the formation of its meaning, will determine the true meaning and purpose at this stage of language development.Stylistics is also a section of linguistics that studies the functioning of linguistic units and categories within the framework of a literary language in accordance with its functional specificity in various conditions of linguistic communication, encompassing language skills. Stylistics as a linguistic science is engaged in the study of stable stylistic meanings of language units, which are fixed in accordance with existing stylistic norms - those lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonetic phenomena, including emotionally expressive means that are used in various areas of human life and activity and in different in importance situations.From a stylistic point of view, this work will be useful for its practical part, since it considered those stylistic devices that fill the text with details and give it more imagery. Students will be able to study the most popular stylistic devices, talk about the least used ones and draw a logical parallel between them in order to determine the stylistic diversity that is inherent in a certain artistic genre.3.3 Rеsults аnd RеcоmmеndаtiоnsIn the course of the study, we identified stylistic and lexical features of phraseological units, as well as fairy tales as a literary genre. We also considered the translation features of phraseological units and determined their place in the fairy tale as a literary genre. Special techniques for translating phraseological units are also the focus of this work and can also be used when considering the works of Oscar Wilde as markers of his individual style of writing.This research can be used both in practical research on the translation of phraseological units, and in academic disciplines: lexicology, stylistics, translation studies.CONCLUSIONSumming up the results of the study, it is worth noting that the practical part of the study would not have been realized without a detailed consideration of the theoretical foundations of this topic. The theoretical part of the work was devoted to those aspects that were subsequently implemented in both the practical and methodological parts of the work.First of all, phraseological units, their basic concept and functions were considered. Phraseological units are usually considered as an ambiguous linguistic phenomenon for which there is no generally accepted definition. The concept of a phraseological unit is determined directly by the characteristics of this theoretical direction to which this or that researcher belongs.That is why, within the framework of this study, there was no task to find a clear, universally recognized definition, but it was necessary to consider many definitions in order to clarify the general characteristics on the basis of which it becomes possible to create a new definition. Within the framework of this study, this task can be considered completed.Further, on the basis of the considered definitions and the identified similarities of these definitions, an attempt was made to characterize the main features of the phraseological unit. This task is also not universal, since there are situations when those features that are recognized by researchers of one theoretical direction are not recognized by researchers of another direction. It is also not uncommon for researchers to complement each other by adding or excluding certain features. That is why it is also necessary to talk about the functionality of a phraseological unit based not only on the definition, but also on the characteristic features. Due to this, a phraseological unit can have a large number of functions.Based on the above statements, it can be noted that phraseological units in fairy-tale works also perform their functions, which largely depend on the nature of the fairy tale itself. Within the sections of the chapter, some varieties of fairy tales were considered, in which the functionality of phraseological units and their dissimilarity from each other becomes obvious.Phraseological units in fairy-tale works contribute to adding imagery to fairy tales and characters. The fairy tale itself is characterized by the creation of vivid images, a tendency to use personification, but phraseological units, in turn, contribute to a greater spread of imagery. However, some researchers note that due to the imagery of fairy-tale works, there may be a small number of cases of using phraseological units in order to preserve an integral fairy-tale image.Some researchers talk about the fact that phraseological units and fairy tales have a large number of similar features. The fairy tale is also the bearer of the cultural component of the whole nation, it, as well as phraseology, is metaphorical, that is, it is built on a metaphor. In this chapter, we have considered a variety of fairy tales, each of which has a certain set of characteristics. Also in this chapter it was determined that there are cases when the fairy tale itself is based on phraseology, or vice versa, when phraseology appears thanks to fairy tales.When translating phraseological units, the translator must take into account a large number of different factors. So, the translator must correctly choose the translation method that will be the most optimal in a particular case. The translation can be phraseological and non-phraseological, each type of translation includes certain characteristics and tools that the translator should focus on.At the beginning of practical research, it was determined that Oscar Wilde was considered by his contemporaries to be a writer with his own style of narration, which was unlike others due to its imagery and metaphor.When analyzing fairy tales, emphasis was also placed on their characteristics, which were reflected in the theoretical chapter of the study. In the theoretical chapter of the study, it was determined that in fairy tales it is possible to use a large number of stylistic means that make the narrative detailed and colorful. That is why the first section of the practical chapter was devoted to stylistic devices in Oscar Wilde's fairy tales.The analysis of stylistic devices showed a lot about Oscar Wilde's writing style, about his preferences. So, it was found that one of the most common stylistic devices can be called impersonation. Impersonation contributes to giving inanimate objects qualities and properties that are inherent in a person, while impersonation adds metaphoricity. In children's fairy tales, this technique is often used, but it is in Oscar Wilde's fairy tales that it opens up from a new side. In his fairy tales, living objects meet with inanimate, but personified, which creates the effect of the presence of a fairy tale.It was also noted that the use of the metaphor of epithets is noticeably lower. This fact can be explained by just a large amount of the presence of the impersonation. The author of the fairy tale has no intention of overloading it with various images, since the fairy tale is intended for children, for whom it is extremely important to develop their imagination independently by creating pictures in their head.However, it is worth noting that with all this there is a large number of similes. These similes allow you to direct the interest of the fairy tale, its descriptive details in the right direction, helping the personification technique to add imagery. This fact can also be considered the reason for the absence of a large number of metaphors and epithets in fairy tales.Thus, we can conclude that stylistic devices in fairy tales are in a moderate amount, exactly the amount that is necessary to create imagery and descriptive, which will not prevent the child from creating his own story in his imagination.Also, based on the theoretical part of the study, a practical analysis of the phraseological units used in fairy tales was carried out. In the theoretical part of the study, it was considered that phraseological units and fairy tales have similar features: they are figurative, have a well-established historical and cultural significance. Therefore, before starting the practical analysis, we found that it is likely that phraseological units may occur in small numbers in the works selected for analysis.As it turned out, in practical analysis, phraseological units were encountered in small numbers. However, the study of the peculiarities of their translation became much more interesting, since due to their small number they still turned out to be quite diverse.For a small number of phraseological units, a completely equivalent translation was chosen. This was due to the fact that both in the translation language and in the original language, phraseological units coincided in their stylistic, lexical and grammatical composition.Also, some phraseological units have been translated using a partial equivalent translation. This happened in cases where semantic or lexical or grammatical structures did not coincide in both languages. At the same time, the lexical meaning remained unchanged in the target language.It was also noted that when using phraseological units by the author himself, either his contamination or ellipsis happens. However, it is worth noting that when translating, the phraseological unit was preserved in full. It is possible that this fact can be associated with the tradition of the Russian language not to use phraseological units in an abbreviated format due to their stability and inseparability.Thus, it can be concluded that Oscar Wilde's fairy tales as an example of the use and translation of phraseological units are a valuable linguistic resource. A small number of phraseological units is compensated by their peculiarities both in the original language and in the translation language. 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